Document Type

Article

Journal Title

Infection and Immunity

Publication Date

2025

Volume

93

Abstract

Biofilms are a cause of chronic, non-healing infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a proficient biofilm-forming pathogen commonly isolated from prosthetic joint infections that develop following primary arthroplasty. Extracellular adherence protein (Eap), previously characterized in planktonic or non-biofilm populations as being an adhesin and immune evasion factor, was recently identified in the exoproteome of S. aureus biofilms. This work demonstrates that Eap and its two functionally orphaned homologs EapH1 and EapH2 contribute to biofilm structure and prevent macrophage invasion and phagocytosis in these communities. Biofilms unable to express Eap proteins demonstrated increased porosity and reduced biomass. We describe the role of Eap proteins in vivo using a mouse model of S. aureus prosthetic joint infection. The Results suggest that the protection conferred to biofilms by Eap proteins is a function of biofilm structural stability that interferes with the leukocyte response to biofilm-associated bacteria.

MeSH Headings

Biofilms, Staphylococcus aureus, Animals, Prosthesis-Related Infections, Staphylococcal Infections, Mice, Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Adhesion, Adhesins, Bacterial, Porosity, Macrophages, Disease Models, Animal, Phagocytosis

ISSN

1098-5522

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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