Monocyte Activation in People With HIV and Tuberculosis Coinfection and Effect of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy: An Analysis of the ACTG A5279/BRIEF TB Trial

Authors

• Moises A. Huaman, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
• Manuel G. Feria, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
• Michelle A. Kendall, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
• Ashley McKhann, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
• Khuanchai Supparatpinyo, Chiang Mai University
• Claire A. Chougnet, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
• Xinyu Du, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
• Frederick K. Sawe, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Walter Reed Project Clinical Research Center
• Kristine M. Erlandson, University of Colorado School of Medicine
• Netanya S. Utay, University of UT Southwestern Medical Center
• Michael M. Lederman, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine
• Susan Swindells, University of Nebraska Medical CenterFollow
• Amita Gupta, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
• Richard E. Chaisson, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
• Carl J. Fichtenbaum, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine

Document Type

Article

Journal Title

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

Publication Date

2026

Volume

13

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Monocyte activation contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammation-driven comorbidities in people with HIV (PWH). We investigated the impact of tuberculin skin test (TST)/interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) status and tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) on monocyte activation in PWH.

METHODS: We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells from participants from the A5279/BRIEF-TB trial, which compared 1 month of rifapentine/isoniazid (1HP) versus 9 months of isoniazid (9H) as TPT in PWH. All included participants were on suppressive antiretroviral therapy and had available TST or IGRA results at study entry. Samples collected at week 0 (pre-TPT) and week 48 (post-TPT) were analyzed. Monocyte subset and activation markers were measured using multiparameter flow cytometry. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were assessed after 6-hour lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Linear regression models were used for primary comparisons of monocyte markers by TST/IGRA status, adjusted for age, sex, country, and CD4 count.

RESULTS: In adjusted models, compared with TST/IGRA-negative participants (

CONCLUSIONS: PWH with a positive TST or IGRA exhibited signals of monocyte activation pre- and post-TPT. TPT with 1HP led to blunted proinflammatory monocyte changes compared with 9H.

DOI Link

10.1093/ofid/ofaf771

ISSN

2328-8957

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Recommended Citation

Huaman, Moises A.; Feria, Manuel G.; Kendall, Michelle A.; McKhann, Ashley; Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai; Chougnet, Claire A.; Du, Xinyu; Sawe, Frederick K.; Erlandson, Kristine M.; Utay, Netanya S.; Lederman, Michael M.; Swindells, Susan; Gupta, Amita; Chaisson, Richard E.; and Fichtenbaum, Carl J., "Monocyte Activation in People With HIV and Tuberculosis Coinfection and Effect of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy: An Analysis of the ACTG A5279/BRIEF TB Trial" (2026). Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases. 29.
https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/com_infect_articles/29