ORCID (Optional)
0000-0002-0631-0339
Document Type
Original Report
Disciplines
Higher Education | Medicine and Health Sciences
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether smoking status effects pain and functional outcomes in a chronic pain program.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 178 patients treated at the Nebraska Medicine comprehensive Pain Management Program over a five year period was completed. Outcomes measures were the Visual Analog Scale Past Month Average Pain score (VAS-PMA), Multidimensional Pain Inventory pain and interference scales (MPI-P and MPI-I), and the Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (PAIRS). Patients were categorized by smoking status into non-smoker or current smoker groups. Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the pre scores, post scores, and post-minus-pre scores between smoking status groups.
Results: The pre-treatment VAS-PMA and MPI-P median scores were significantly higher in the current smoker group (81.5 and 5.0, respectively) compared to the non-smoker group (76.5 and 4.3, respectively), whereas post-treatment median scores did not differ. Furthermore, the current smoker group had a significantly greater decrease on the MPI-P from pre- to post-treatment (median=-2.0) than the non-smoker group (median=-1.6). In addition, smokers had a significantly higher pre-treatment PAIRS score (73.5) than nonsmokers (70), whereas post-treatment scores did not differ.
Conclusion: Smokers and non-smokers both benefit from the program, but smokers, who report greater initial pain and stronger beliefs about the association between pain and functional impairment, may benefit more than non-smokers.
DOI
10.32873/unmc.dc.gmerj.1.1.004
Keywords
Chronic Pain Programs, Smoking, Chronic pain
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
Recommended Citation
Hofer, J., Cates, D., Shostrom, V. K., Thelen, B., , Haynes-Henson, K. Comprehensive Chronic Pain Treatment: Does Smoking Affect Outcomes?. Graduate Medical Education Research Journal. 2019 Dec 13; 1(1).
https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/gmerj/vol1/iss1/4
