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ORCID (Optional)

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7719-5692 

Publication Date

4-10-2026

Abstract

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) is a dynamic, cost-effective imaging modality increasingly integrated into Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) curricula. Despite growing interest, variability exists in the integration and implementation of MSK-US in entry-level DPT programs. This study aimed to assess the current status of MSK-US education in accredited DPT programs across the United States. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to all 294 accredited DPT programs in the U.S. via email. The survey consisted of 32 questions that addressed curriculum content, instructional methods, faculty qualifications, and barriers to implementation. Participation was voluntary, and 44 programs responded. No experimental interventions were applied. The study utilized a descriptive survey methodology to gather data on existing educational practices. Over 86% of responding programs reported incorporating MSK-US into their curriculum. Hands-on training emphasized anatomical identification, probe handling, and clinical applications. Lecture content focused on ultrasound physics, normal sonanatomy, and pathology. Faculty expertise was primarily based on clinical experience (15.9%) and board certification (25%), with only 6.8% holding RMSK certification. Most programs used 1–2 ultrasound units, with 63.6% owning their equipment. Compact and handheld ultrasound units were preferred due to their affordability and portability. Instruction was primarily delivered through hybrid or online formats (50%), with 27.3% using traditional in-person methods. Barriers to implementation included cost, limited faculty training, and curricular time constraints. MSK-US education is increasingly present in DPT programs, though implementation varies widely. While most programs recognize their value, barriers such as cost and faculty preparedness limit broader adoption. The findings support the need for standardized curriculum guidelines, faculty development, and resource allocation to enhance the integration of MSK-US in physical therapy education. 

DOI

doi:10.32873/unmc.dc.ihsej.0076

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.

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